Colon Cancer

Overview

Colon cancer begins in the lining of the large intestine and often develops from polyps.It is one of the most common cancers in the United States and is highly treatable when detected early.

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Causes

• Genetic mutations
• Chronic inflammation
• Diet high in processed foods
• Family history
• Lifestyle factors

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Risk Factors

• Age >45
• Family history
• Obesity
• Smoking
• Alcohol use
• Sedentary lifestyle
• Inflammatory bowel disease
• Diet high in red or processed meats

How It Affects the Body

Colon cancer can:

• Change bowel habits
• Cause abdominal pain
• Lead to anemia
• Cause weight loss
• Block the colon
• Spread to lymph nodes

Complications

• Obstruction
• Bleeding
• Perforation
• Weight loss
• Malnutrition
• Metastasis

Symptoms and Signs

• Changes in bowel habits
• Blood in stool
• Abdominal pain
• Weight loss
• Fatigue
• Anemia
• Bloating
• Narrow stools

Diagnosis

• Colonoscopy
• Biopsy
• CT scan
• MRI
• Blood tests
• PET scan

Differential Diagnosis

• IBS
• IBD
• Hemorrhoids
• Diverticulitis
• Polyps
• Infection

Lifestyle Modifications

• Balanced diet
• Hydration
• Fiber intake
• Weight management
• Avoid smoking
• Avoid alcohol

Treatment Options

Non‑Surgical

• Oncology evaluation
• Nutrition support
• Symptom management

Surgical

• Colectomy
• Lymph node removal
• Minimally invasive approaches
• Reconstruction

When to Seek Treatment

• Blood in stool
• Changes in bowel habits
• Weight loss
• Abdominal pain
• Anemia
• Persistent fatigue

Long‑Term Outlook

Regular screening improves outcomes.

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Prognosis

Excellent when detected early.

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Why Choose Dr. de la Cruz‑Muñoz

Expertise in minimally invasive colon surgery, complex abdominal surgery, and multidisciplinary cancer care.

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